CompuSec, when used with an e-Identity token, provides strong two-factor user authentication. e-Identity USB tokens store all user data, including profiles, passwords, and digital certificates inside encrypted space on the token itself, away from the host computer. A new, unique feature to CompuSec is its ability to access digital certificates before booting the operating system, eliminating the potential threat posed by key-logging spyware that can record a user's password. Using digital certificates in conjunction with an e-Identity token also provides for a true "single-sign-on" convenience for users.